Opinion article
Fungal skin infections: how to spot them and why they get mistaken for eczema
Fungal skin infections are caused by fungi, mainly dermatophytes, which feed on keratin, and by yeasts such as Candida. They thrive in warm, moist environments, which is why they’re so common in skin folds, on the feet, and under nails.
Common forms
- Ringworm (tinea corporis): a circular patch with a more active, scaly border that spreads outward from the centre.
- Athlete’s foot (tinea pedis): scaling and itching between the toes, common in people who wear closed shoes for long hours.
- Jock itch (tinea cruris): a red, itchy patch in the groin, more common in warm climates and after exercise.
- Nail fungus (onychomycosis): thickened, yellowed, or brittle nails, slower to treat because nails grow slowly.
Why it’s easy to confuse with eczema or psoriasis
All of these conditions can cause red, scaly patches. The difference lies in details such as the active, expanding border typical of ringworm, and above all in laboratory confirmation when there’s doubt. Treating a fungal infection with a steroid cream, mistaking it for eczema, usually makes it worse.
Treatment
- Topical antifungals (clotrimazole, terbinafine): enough for most limited skin infections.
- Oral antifungals: needed for nail, scalp, or extensive infections.
- Prevention: dry your skin well after bathing, especially between the toes, avoid sharing towels and footwear, and wear sandals in public showers.
This article is for information only and does not replace a medical consultation.